World War I Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

World War I - Research Paper Example One must understand that there were a number of different reasons as to why the World War I broke out in the first place. The formation of the Central and the Allied alliances had a very essential role in lengthening the time period of the war which actually made this war into a very destructive one from a number of different aspects (Higham 2003). Within the Western and the Eastern fronts of Europe, there were clear cut signs of formation of armies and this played a huge role in erupting the war from the aegis if the sea. Essentially the war kicked off from these quarters. The role of the United States was immensely significant in starting the World War I. Similarly it played its decisive role at prolonging the war to great extents as well. There were a number of victories and losses within the World War I. However what is most important is the need to understand that the whole war was a huge loss to the society and the peoples of the different nations (Murphy 1979). Their lives were ended, properties decimates and so on and so forth. The humanity got a real shock from the domains of the leadership regimes working within the countries, who were actively or inactively involved within the war itself. So many of the children lost their parents, a number of them even lost their lives. Women lost their husbands and brothers to thi s war and hence the blow to the whole structure of the family was something that could easily be suggested as a major negative within the crux of the situation that took place during the length of the World War I (Walker 2001). The ending was also on a negative note, much like the whole period of the war. The victors might just have won the war but they were unable to win anything else apart from that. Killing innocent people is never considered a victory for any army or a nation so to speak. The interesting thing about World War I was that there were a number of different wars within the World War I

Learning Team Reflection Essay Example for Free

Learning Team Reflection Essay There are several factors to consider when contemplating a potential lawsuit or settlement. As a person who is not trained in the law, it is important to seek counsel before making any decisions. Counsel can provide professional guidance in a field that a victim may be unfamiliar with. To attempt to navigate though the legal system without professional help would be confusing and frustrating. There are alternatives to litigation that some people may not be aware of. A professional in the law can give guidance and perspective as to which is the best route to take. One must consider the time involved in litigation. Cheeseman (2010) stated, â€Å"A trial can last less than one day to many months, depending on the type and complexity of the case† (p. 41). Also, a consideration must be the costs involved. It can be extremely costly to obtain counsel, although it may be wise to invest in legal representation. Counsel will be able to provide you the statue of limitations so that you know how long you are eligible to seek damages. Additionally, counsel will provide you realistic picture of the benefits and/or risks of going to trial or settling. Counsel would be able to explain the intricacies regarding a trial and provide a relative timeframe. Most people are unaware of the details and involvement of going to trial. In many cases it is in the best interest of both the injured party and the accused to seek a resolution outside of court. According to Cheeseman (2010), â€Å"More than 95 percent of all cases are settled before they go to trial† (p. 40). A victim may feel compelled to go to court, when counsel may know that a trial may not provide a favorable outcome. Counsel would need to be available as already discussed to decide whether litigation is the way to go. Once the decision had been made to pursue the issue legally, the appropriate legal representation would have to be found. The type of counsel would depend on the type of case. There are several specialties in law and finding the best person to represent you is crucial. You would not ask a lawyer that specializes in real estate to represent you in a wrongful death suit. If possible, legal representation should be made available before the decision to seek legal action is decided on. A lawyer is there to provide professional advice, but they cannot force you to make a decision one way or the other. Two main intentional torts that should seek council especially if there were bodily injury to the person or persons are assault and battery. Cheeseman (2010) stated, â€Å"Assault is (1) the threat of immediate harm or offensive contact or (2) any action that arouses reasonable apprehensio n of imminent harm† (p. 75). The threat to the life of an individual or offensive contact are two very good reasons to seek counsel for either monetary charges such as paying medical bills from the harmful contact or seeking restraining orders to prevent such contact form occurring. Cheeseman (2010) stated, â€Å"Battery is unauthorized and harmful or offensive physical contact with another person that causes injury. Basically, the interest protected here is each person’s reasonable sense of dignity and safety† (p 75). The other tort situation that should seek legal counsel are strict or product liability cases. Cheeseman (2010) stated, â€Å"That is, a participant in a covered activity will be held liable for any injuries caused by the activity, even if he or she was not negligent† (p. 89). To clarify further Cheeseman (2010) stated, â€Å"This doctrine holds that (1) there are certain activities that can place the public at risk of injury even if reasonable care is taken and (2) the public should have some means of compensation if such injury occurs† (p. 89). These cases either involve wrongdoing to the individual that usually ends in harm or death. If a product malfunctions which hurts the consumer or shorts out and the consumer dies are both reasons legal counsel should be involved. Again, legal counsel should specialize in the area that you need representing and the monetary costs of acquiring counsel should be researched before hiring them to represent your case. Seeking legal council is prudent in helping a victim understand their choices. There are situations when there is not enough evidence or legal grounds for any form of legal action, and legal council can provide that information. The proper and professional legal guidance can help a victim recover losses and damages. References: Cheeseman, H. R. (2010). Business law: Legal environment, online commerce, business ethics, and international issues (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Continuous Professional Development Project

Continuous Professional Development Project The purpose of written this paper on continuous professional development was as per the requirement of the Executive Development Project module. In addition to that it was a thirst to know how to improve and broaden my knowledge and skills in order to develop a respectful quality personality in my personal and professional lives. This report will exhibit and define the conscious updating of my professional knowledge and personal characterises. Limitation of the Report The following are some of the limitation faced while doing my Continuous professional Development project. The fact some of my friends, relatives and workmate are working on rotational bases, therefore it took me a lot of time to arranging face-to-face interview. Some of the Questionnaire feedback were received late. Emotional embedded feedback from others. Methodology/Approach Sample The samples represented in this study were gathered during the period between April and September, 2007. Questionnaires, Interviews, visits, Electronic Mail and SMS were used to obtain the required information from a mixture of Family members, relatives, friends, classmates, and workmate. Fifty completed questionnaires were returned out of fifty, 10 SMS were received, forty face-to-face interviews, ten phone interviews were conducted in addition to 7 home visits. Interviews An interview is an intentional interaction between persons in which one person seeks information from another person. Interviews can take place face-to-face or by other modes of personal interaction (York, 1998). As mentioned previously forty face-to-face interviews and ten phone interviews were conducted. Usually when I needed to obtain information from managers, supervisor and people whom I do not know very well I used to do Face-to-face interviews. As well as there sometimes could be non-common question, that you can not ask everyone. The fact that I would be on the opposite rotation (field employee) with others colleagues I used to call them and carry on the interview via the phone. I did interviews, because some of my friends, relatives and family do not speak or read English. Questionnaire English and Arabic questionnaire were used due to the reasons presented earlier. Close-ended questions were used as this provided cooperation and more likely to get responses rather then the open-ended structures. Even though answer choices were made available, respondent had the option of offering their own responses at the end of the questionnaire as there were some of the open-ended questions. SMS Well you my wonder how did I used this method to gather the necessary information. Speaking the fact, samples I illustrated above you can not get all data that you need or they may have thought of at that moment or by filling questionnaire. There could be missed points, so what I thought of is that whenever someone remembers or something pup up in his mind S/he would send me SMS, well indeed it worked. Electronic Mail As it being an easy way of distribution, I used E-mail for the purpose of distributing and gathering the questionnaires feedback. About Myself The below lines are not an evaluation of my personal, academic or professional career, it is just a background or an overview of myself as per the requirements by the module. Personal Due to the crises occurred in Oman, prior Sultan Qaboos bin Said crowned as a Sultan of Sultanate of Oman, many Omani travels around the world (India, Pakistan, Iran and East-Africa) for the sake of living a good life and business as well. My father and my grand father (mother side) were one of the people, who moved to Tanzania and got married there. There I was born; I am Saud Ali Saleh Al-Omairi, born in 28th August, 1978 in East Africa- Tanzania in a small village called Sikonge one of the six districts of the Tabora Region. My mother says that, I was named Nasser, but unfortunately everyday I was a non-stop crying machine, so they thought of changing my name to Saud due to that! Well its their myth, and I cant argue with that, because indeed I stopped crying. Another story that I could remember been told is that, when I was born I was so fat, that there was a competition, where I got the second fattest babe award. I get two sisters and I got four brothers, where I am the youngest of all. The fact of being the youngest of all, I been called Mother spoiled boy where everything I wanted it I could get it. We stayed in Tanzania till I was five years old, when my father decided, that its the time to get back to Muscat in the year of 1983. Well we leaved in Athaibah-Muscat, in a rental wooden house for a couple of years, and then we moved to Maabelah-Muscat in 1985. One of the things I could remember, that is there used to be only one school, where my sister used to study in the morning and I used to go to school in the afternoon. Well that was only for a couple of years, and the government built another school just near by our house. Considering the school was near by, at break time I used to jump the school walls and get back home for a fast meal and get back to school again. One thing made me stop doing that, is that one day I was wearing light shoes, so on my jump, underneath there was a broken bottle of coca cola or red wine I dont recall, what I do remember is that I was at the hospital and my foot was stitched and a slap. Prior 1990 my father slipped in the toilet and felled on his back and got paralysed, and died in 1990. By that time I was eleven years old, just four years later my eldest brother got an accident, just 2km away from home and died due to internal bleeding. So now I get three brothers and two sisters. I graduated from college in 1999 and directly started my first career with National Bank of Oman. One year later, in 2000 I got married to my classmate; well my eyes were spotted on her since the first day she walked into the classroom. For the time being I get one daughter, she is four years old and a son who is one year and half. Well our first child was a boy, but he died on the delivery. Academic I finished my secondary school grade in 1996, but my grade was not sufficient enough for my to go in university, so I entered Muscat Technical Industrial College (High Technical College (Now)) in Information Technology major, where I met my lovely wife. When I entered the college my first ambition was to graduate with high grade and join the university as the first ten in all college over Oman (5 colleges) were given opportunities to complete their study at the university. Well I did what I was into it I graduated with distinction and got the second place. Looking to the fact where my family needed help I stopped dreaming about university and joined the work force in 1999. Well the opportunity came back again to join the University as a part time study, so in 1999 I entered the university and graduated in 2000. Now am doing my MBA program at university of Bedfordshire. Professional Talking about my professional career, I have joined several companies during my professional career. First during my study at the college I worked at a Shell petrol Station as a petrol station man and the next year I worked at Burger King, where my duties were preparing sandwiched, cleaning and customer services. When I graduated I joined the National Bank of Oman in 1999 as a programmer. Two years later I joined Schlumberger Oilfield Company, where I challenge myself and professions as being an IT graduate to work in a totally different discipline and became an oilfield specialist. Well the plan did not go well, I had an argument with our manager due to our contract agreement, and so two years later I resigned and stayed jobless for three month. After that as part time job I worked for a Forex Trade Market, where we used to trade on currency in the international market, another professions change for me. Well two month later I joined a public sector (public authority for Social Assurance) as a Computer Technician. Things did not go well too as my approach was a private sector relation, where in Oman it is totally different in public sector it is all about who is in control and commend. I did not like the situation over there, so I got another opportunity at Gulf business Machine (IBM Distributor-Gulf region). Now am working at Occidental Oil and Gas (Oman) Ltd. is wholly-owned subsidiaries of Occidental Petroleum Corporation an international oil and gas exploration and production company based in the United States and headquartered in Los Angeles, California. Critical Events, Activities and Experiences Prior commencing analysing my characteristic, behaviour, previous and current career position and planning my career development, first I thought to underline some of the facts and most significant event happened in my life in my opinion, that altered my career and life. Professional Looking for better opportunities Resigning from Schlumberger, where I did not have another job Personal Religious Believes. Getting married at earlier age, 21. Choosing between joining universities and joining the work force. Joining the Karate Club. Academic Working while studying, Studying while working. Doing the MBA program. Analyse of Critical Event and Personality A continuous professional development log consists of a list of issues in my point of view that is related to my progression in development. This log later is used to create a development agenda. Therefore in order to create my CPD log I followed steps as suggested by Megginson and Whitaker, 2007, which I founded convenient for me to analyse some of the facts, my characterises, personality, professions and my personal life. Limitation There is always constraint in everyones career progression and life; there could be some rear cases, where the path is widely opened. Skills deficits Being short in skills was not a wall which stood against my development progression, am a self confident and I do believe in my skills capability. Fixing fuzziness A good example illustrated by Megginson and Whitaker, 2007 in Big Rock Story, its about the order I put the things into my life, put the big things first, so the little ones can fit later. When I was studying in school I did not have a proper plan for myself the only things that were on my agenda were as follow: Joining University Join Work Force Getting Married/Kids Build a house Now my Agenda is: Build a house Completing My Study PHD Professional Development Management Professional Development Supervision Completing My Study MBA Attitude Our attitude towards life has a great impact on our professional progress. We can change through choosing our attitude, attitude are learned and can be changed over time. ( Megginson and Whitaker, 2007). 100% of the responses indicated that am an arguer in most of the discussions especially non-work related issues. This attitude always drives me toward a defensive communication habits in most of the times. Priorities first and Preventing procrastination Our religion encouraged us to do changes in our self first then others, how you can change someone else if you dont change yours first. Going back on my career development I did delay my university study to join the work force that was due to family needs. Well somehow I managed to carry on my studies while working, because I committed my self and still toward a target that is planned. Succeeding for self I do not usually seek for someone opinion to know if am successful or not, or look what someone has achieved. I do consider my self successful if I do what is supposed to do frankly and in proper way, as well if I meet my plan agenda. My parents did not draw my path so I would be a pilot, doctor or an engineer. They gave me the choice to do what I believe in, I achieve my definition of success not someone elses definition. Well in seeking the opinion on the above, 70% responded that am rarely influenced by others, 20% always, 30% not at all. Living the presents In interviews I wanted to know how often I talked about the happy and bad moments in my life. Without been surprised by the answers, 95% replied that I always mentioned the happy moments and hated discussing on bad ones. 5% replied that I talked about it equally. I do believe in one thing, letting go bad moments we can give full attention to the present. If our time is spent on regrets and we are focused on the past, we have less attention and energy to explore our future development and to ask what can I do today that will enhance my future career? solutions-focused approaches to development help us to get away from a deficit-oriented approach to the past and are increasingly used in coachng ( Berg and Szabo, 2005) and in change management (Jackson and McKergow, 2002). Developing An Extraordinarily Realistic Self-Image The priority that we give to any issue depends on how relevant that subject is to us. In order for me to identify where I need to put energy into my own development, its necessary to develop what (Inglis, 1994) calls an ERSI. The output of this consideration of where I stand now will be my development needs to be addressed. As defined by (Megginson and Whitaker, 2007) colleting data to create ERSI will need my attention to the following sources: Work itself Reflection by self Feedback from others Individual psychometric and self-diagnostic measures Organizational metrics Professional metrics the CPD scanner. Work Itself This will assist me to assess how much I enjoy my current role and to explore how I see my career at the moment. Pinch points at work Viewing the current position where am I now, I can underline some of the issues that are faced. It is very rear for me to get feedback or guidance from my superior, unless there is critical situation needed to be resolved. Sometime I would spend the whole weeks at my office desk without a visit by my superior or a call. Our assessment is usually done ones a year and it is a very short amount of time I spend it with my superior and discuses issues as well as my development plan, which is unfortunately just words in paper. Since my last assessment which was on February, 2007 till now nothing was discussed between me and my superior about my development which was plan in my assessment sheet in year 2007. Utilizing my knowledge and skills is another aspect where it is missed. I could say in my current position am only utilizing 50% of my skills and knowledge. Can these be resolved? Well speaking the fact it is the fact that am being living it for two years now, and other employees as well. In my opinion most of the above issues is related to management line, and changes could be done I do not mean by changing management, but enhancing the way things are carried out is the most convenient way to solve issues. Fizzing in the stretch zone Exercising activity on fizzing in the stretch zone by (Megginson and Whitaker, 2007) to identify my career plateau. My score was 18, which indicated that am in need to identify what can I do differently to increase my work self-esteem. Am at the comfort zone, where I am on daily work routine nothing is exciting. Its been long time since I been in the stretch zone where I felt work excitement, thus a need for a change will be significant. A weekly review progress will be helpful. Career metaphor The best Metaphor that could describe my career is Nomad or Bedouin or what we call them in Middle East Badu. Bedouin travel by camel from oasis to oasis, following a traditional way of life. This metaphor represent they way my career was, I tend to frequently change my professional career from one position to another, that in my opinion helped me in gaining more skills and experience. Changing professions always excite me, where I tend to do what I was not doing before. As previously mention in my life background I had a series of highs and lows in my career. I used to be a programmer then a Field technician, where I used to be in higher position and earn much higher then when I was in the public sector. Although that is the cause of changing professions where you tend to try new things, but my rewards are the experience I have gained, which lead me to better earning. Now I feel that am in need of a steady career development in upward progression. Development issues emerging from reflection Johari Window Johari window is a psychological tool created by Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham in 1955, used to help people better understands their interpersonal communication and relationships. It is used primarily in self-help groups and corporate settings (wikipedia). In 2006 I attended a course on Leadership; one of the things was as an exercise for us to work on Johari Window. The following were on the blind area: Team Contributor Short Temper written 3 times Defensive attitude Helpful Being Magnificent? Whats stopping me from being magnificent? I believe the following are the constraints that limit me performance, that stop me from being magnificent. Not being able to utilize all my skills and experience Not being able to show my capabilities. Working environment Mural is Zero No Opportunities. Short vision of my current position by the management. Purpose and values and Self-actualisation My main purpose and value are distinguished between home and work the progression toward superior or line management path is my work purpose. Establishing a respectful and friendly family relationship is my home value. They are my principle points along my development all the way. It is unclear where am I heading toward my development career. There is nothing excite me that indicate a progression. Currently in my position am a Sr. technical engineering assistant, where I have reached the maximum allowable grade in this position, therefore my intentions would stop over here if I continued my career at the same position. Am spending time doing what is expected for me to do achieving one task after another. (Maslow, 1943) came with the notion of self-actualisation the state at the top of his hierarchy of needs where a person is so engaged in an activity that they lose all track of time. Now I feel like am losing my purpose, which lead to work stress. Reflection Reflection is an opportunity to check out our personal and professional congruence ( Megginson and Whitaker, 2007). Through out my career time, I have experienced moments (mention previously), that turns the way I used to think. It made think twice and wisely before I could make a decision, thats why the habit of hesitation in making decision is always in me. Reflection had an impact in my life as well as my career the following summarize this: Professional Looking for better opportunities Frequently Career Change ( Job Change ) through out where I have gained more skills and experience, that allowed me be capabilities of handling various organizational positions and tasks. Resigning from Schlumberger, where I did not have another job Here I learned how to take responsibilities and make well thought-out of my decisions. Learned to judge the consequences of my actions , that could affect my career and life as well. Personal Religious Believes kept me away from being enrolled into gangsters and drugs issues, as of I lived in a very corrupted area (Maabelah), where two of my friends died as they were involved in drug business. Getting married at earlier age lead me to be more accountable in my actions, decision making, and responsibilities. Choosing between joining university and joining the work force Achieving my goals is not always should be someones else goals, although I did joined the work force to help my family, but that was my choice not a family request, as I believed that I there would be another opportunity to join the university. Joining the Karate Club taught me self discipline, order, self confidence, and team work. Academic Working while studying, Studying while working guided me to be more self commitment toward my tasks and responsibilities. Feedback This mirror fulfilment with personal feedback, especially information workers receive about their performance and how they are being judged. Gaining appropriate feedback In our organization feedback on our career development and performance is a paper-based employment formal procedure called the annual appraisal Enhancement Organizational Performance (EOP), no certain study has been carried out by the organization to verify if its work or no, or is it really applied as per the requirement. I dont feel like am getting the right feedback on my development from my superior, its like a Christmas only happens once a year. That was about my professions feedback, regarding my life and personal feedback I intended to interview and questioning people who know me well, and have experienced lot of things with me, like colleagues, friends, family and relatives. Questionnaire and Interview Feedback Its really surprised my how sometime you dont know about yourself, people may see things on you thats you arent aware of. I think I would continue explore my self through this techniques as it get some of the facts and reality am missing. The following summarized the collected feedback from questionnaire and interviews Arguer, defensive attitude and Hard to be convinced Sensitive, emotional and short temper Self confident Hardly decision maker Adventurous Open mind and Out going Friendly, kind, helpful and Cheerful Social Man Hard worker, Team Player, Clever and Talent person. Great Karate Player Care about others more than himself Never say No if he can do something Punctual Self-Assessment Metrics Metrics can enable us to know more about ourselves, to understand others better and to a limited extent can help us set an agenda for personal change in building a realistic picture of my self, metrics can be useful. Personality Frameworks Personality frameworks, however, do not present a direct agenda for change. Additionally, it is very difficult and largely fruitless to strive to change our personality. Therefore to analyse my personality I shall need to get feedback from others, to do so I will give you some of the feedback from my family, relatives, friends, colleagues, workmate and managers. In addition to that I have done a well know Dr.Phill Test as well as another test called Jung Typology Test ENFJ ( Extraverted, Intuitive, Feeling, Judging), the results were as below: Dr. Phil Test My result was 38 and as per analyse of the results indicate that others see me as sensible, cautious, careful practical. They see me as clever, gifted, or talented, but modest. Not a person who makes friends too quickly or easily, but someone whos extremely loyal to friends you do make and who expect the same loyalty in return. Those who really get to know me realize it takes a lot to shake your trust in your friends, but equally that it takes me a long time to get over if that trust is ever broken. Mostly I do agree with Dr.Phil, this really describe my characteristic and my personality analyse, but some how there is something I dont feel like applies to me which is the way I do make friends, well in my opinion I feel I get very quickly or easily with people. Going back to my questionnaire and interviews I did ask about how do they think about the way a get along with people. Responses were 95% responded that am a social man, 3% solitary and 2% not sure!. 100% responded easily can get along with me, 0% hardly. Jung Typology Test This test is based on Carl Jung and Isabel Myers-Briggs typological approach to personality. The results showed that my personality type is slightly expressed extravert 22% , moderately expressed intuitive personality 25%, distinctively expressed feeling personality 62%, which is same is Dr.Phil analyse as well as my findings. And last am slightly expressed judging personality 1%. Personality theorists suggest, to come to terms with how we are and to recognize what our type can bring to our chosen work. Organisational Metrics This is where we assess our own needs and aspirations in terms of professional standards and organizational expectations Organisational Goals The core capabilities required and which defined in EOP- Enhancemnet Organizational Performance are as follow: Understanding the organizational objectives and goals In terms of Production (Oil, Gas, Water) Enhancing the overall performance using business operational tool and techniques Our personal Agenda as predefined for us: Continuous Improvement. Accountability Learning: Challenges New operational tools introduced to the field. Awareness of the available resources and their capabilities. Development Training is required. Leadership Competence Leadership is the achievement of a goal through the course of human assistants. The man who successfully gather together his human team-mate to achieve particular ends is a leader. A great leader is one who can do so day after day, and year after year, in a wide variety of circumstances.( Harvard Business Review, 2004). Most leaders believe in short terms about own leadership style. To develop your leadership ability, however, you need to be more aware of how you lead. A leader is someone who influence others. We all have an image of a leader. you may have heard the myth that Leaders are Born, Not Made! However, numerous leadership studies and programs have shown that individuals with a desire to do so, can take steps to learn, practice and improve their leadership capabilities and develop into leaders. The following highlights on my leadership competences, through out the leadership style test I did. Test 1. Leadership Leadership Style Questionnaire can be found at (www.exsel.mtu.edu). A Well representative test on leadership style, the test is divided into section Leadership Questionnaire My score were 12 P: Concern for people and 4 T: Concern for Task. By drawing a straight line to illustrate an intersection where my shared leadership style is. The point was 8 where it indicate as of being an autocratic and Laissez-Faire leadership style, by mean a high morale and productivity leadership. What Kind of Animal am I? (Lion, Otter, Golden Retriever or Beaver) My highest visual point was 29 Otter and 29 Golden Retriever that concluded: Understing the Key O (Otter) and I (Golden Retriever) Influencing and steadiness style My basic Motivation: recognition, approval, relationships and appreciation this really reflect the need which am missing. Desires situations allow: opportunity to help others, opportunity to motivate people, platform to verbalize ideas, having clearly defined goals and the steps to reach them and being part of a team. Responds best to other who: allows them to work at their own pace, provide personal support, democratic and friendly and provide recognition of abilities. Needs to learn that: time control helps, deadlines are important, change can provide opportunity, you can be :best friends with everybody and listening to others is great, but sharing their own needs and feelings is important. Behavioural Tendencies: Optimistic and people oriented Socially oriented, emotionally energetic Motivated by: loyalty, social recognition: need companionship and group support. Basic Fear: rejection, disapproval in relationships, task criticism( I often interpret this as personal rejection), and loss of stability Limitation: unorganized in accomplishing tasks, possessiveness and adherence to code of order and desire for tranquillity limits my ability to act decisively or face difficult situations. I do strongly agree with the test as it really reflect my leadership behaviour and personality Test 2. Leadership Leadership Style Questionnaire can be found at (http://ocha.unog.ch); http://ochaonline.un.org/ ; United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. This test illustrate the way I do apply my leadership style (directive, democratic, and non-directive/Delegative) which reflect my trend in a specific situation. As pervious test illustrated its seems like I am keen to democratic concern for people in my leadership style, beside to non-directive/ Delegative style Here I found out that I am mostly democratic or emergent, this is an indication for me to work harder on developing my other side of style Directive Style. SWOT Analyses Considering previous analyses pointing on SWOT analysis, this will spotlight on my strengths and weaknesses as well as the opportunities and threats. (S)trengths My positives aspects in being Experienced and Educated Team work, good technical (computer, oil field) and administrative skills. Talented, good contact network. (W)eaknesses My negative aspects in being Short temper and arguer Fear of rejection. Lack of directive leadership skills (O)pportunities In process of enhancing my academic education and profession skills (opportunity for progression) (T)hreats Lack of training provide by my employer. No further grade in my current position unless I change the post. Prioritising needs and Selection World class me World class me is the consideration of all aspects of life including work-related and personal-related areas as well. Things outside work can influence indirection or directly to our work and the other way around too. My world class is not perfect, as my direction is toward accomplishing things only, I need to progress my profession. In addition I need to settle my family at our own house not rental, where there is always a chance of movement from one place to another, by which my family got fed up. There is mess somehow, need for focus is required (profession and personal). Interview Myself My ideal job is working for an organization which cares more about staff development, ideal working environment(recreation, social activity, entertainment). These are simple needs a field employee requires as of being working in desert away from the family. Goals and Plans Some people love plans and other hate it, some people are planners and other emergent. By exercising the activity Planned or Emergent Learning my scores were Planned:23 and Emergent:25. This placed me at Sage, that illustrate my ability to find my own development. My CPD Log By the informati

Can Religion Make You Happy? Essay -- Happiness Essays

â€Å"If Religion Makes People Happy, Why Are So Many Dropping Out?† -- Louis Tay and David G. Meyers. Throughout history, religion has helped form the basic fabric of society. From an early age, religion provided the answers to any unexplainable natural phenomena. The question of why the world worked in a particular way was easily answered with â€Å"because [name of deity] made it that way.† Religion was everywhere; everyone had their own ideas about how the world worked and what their role was in the universe. Each likeminded group held that their religious beliefs were the root cause of their happiness and general satisfaction with life. Centuries of religious dominance eventually gave birth to a widespread idea that strong religious beliefs are essential to living a happy and fulfilling life. Even today, in a society dominated by scientific advances, religion finds a niche in catering to people’s spiritual needs. Indeed, despite the societal changes that have occurred in modern times, religion has remained largely unchanged since its early days. The belief t hat religion factors heavily into one’s life satisfaction and happiness has also remained much the same, despite today’s complex and ever-changing society. The problem lies where religion is viewed as a major way to achieve happiness, and this perspective can lead to blind acceptance of religion solely on the basis of its supposed universal benefits. Basically, a new way of looking at religion is needed: seeing it not as the end-all happiness tool, but as a small factor in a complex web of happiness and well-being. Traditionally, organized religion in the Western world encouraged a melancholy outlook on life. Today, however, religion represents an image of happi... ...tz, Hans-Georg; Lewis, Christopher Alan. â€Å"The Relationship Between Religion and Happiness Among German Students.† Pastoral Psychology. 51.4 (2003): 273-281. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. Web. 19 June 2015. Madigan, Timothy J. â€Å"Godless Happiness.† Free Inquiry Summer 1998: 32+. Student Resources in Context. Web. 19 June 2015. Moeller, Philip. â€Å"Religion Makes People Happier--But Why?† Chicago Tribune. N.p., 13 Apr. 2012. Web. 15 June 2015. Myers, David G. â€Å"Who’s Happy? Who’s Not?† Christianity Today. 23 Nov. 1992: 23+. Gale Power Search. Web. 19 June 2015. Schumaker, John F. â€Å"Can Religion Make You Happy?† Free Inquiry Summer 1998: 28+. Student Resources in Context. Web. 19 June 2015. Stearns, Peter N. â€Å"The History of Happiness. (Cover Story).† Harvard Business Review 90.1/2 (2012): 104-109. Business Source Complete. Web. 6 June 2015.

Potential for Large Scale Ethanol Production Essay -- Renewable Fuel

Potential for Large Scale Ethanol Production Recent legislation by the Congress of the United States has created a mandate for 5 billion gallons of renewable fuel (notably ethanol) to be consumed annually by 2015. In light of this recent push for alternative fuels, many different biomass solutions have been considered to meet the energy need for the 200 million cars on the road. While the most efficient bio-fuels are derived from palm oil and sugarcane, the Unites States has begun to focus on the more regional corn crops to produce new renewable fuels. This program appears to have great potential towards achieving a sustainable future devoid of foreign oil dependence, until the economic implications of large-scale ethanol production are considered. With that said, it’s important for the United States Government to understand the relative inefficiency, environmental, and social cost of large-scale ethanol production in the US. Ethanol is a fuel grade form of alcohol that is produced from grain fermentation to create a clean, burnable oil alternative (Heinberg, 171). On a small scale, ethanol production appears to be a practical form of energy for farmers, but is limited by its lack of production facilities and unfavorable energy returned on energy invested. Ethanol has an extremely variable EROEI according to several net energy analyses. Cornell professor David Pimentel found a 29% net loss of energy after conducting two independent tests. Both studies found that, â€Å"the fuel cost more energy to produce than it eventually delivered to society.† (Heinberg, 173) While this study painted a negative picture for ethanol production, a USDA researcher recognized as much as a 77% energy profit; although, a ... ... farmers needs. Works Cited Evans, Michael K. The Economic Impact of the Demand for Ethanol. Chicago, IL: Diane Co., 1997. 2 Apr. 2007 . Hebert, Joseph H. "Study: Ethanol Won'T Solve Energy Problems." USA Today. 10 July 2006. 2 Apr. 2007 . Hirsch, Tim. "Brazilian Biofuels' Pulling Power." BBC. 8 Mar. 2007. 2 Apr. 2007 . Pica, Erich. "Power Politics: Linking Congress, Campaign Contributions and Energy Policy." Friends of the Earth 6 (2003): 1-2. 2 Apr. 2007. Segelken, Roger. "Ethanol." Health and Energy. 2 Apr. 2007 . Potential for Large Scale Ethanol Production Essay -- Renewable Fuel Potential for Large Scale Ethanol Production Recent legislation by the Congress of the United States has created a mandate for 5 billion gallons of renewable fuel (notably ethanol) to be consumed annually by 2015. In light of this recent push for alternative fuels, many different biomass solutions have been considered to meet the energy need for the 200 million cars on the road. While the most efficient bio-fuels are derived from palm oil and sugarcane, the Unites States has begun to focus on the more regional corn crops to produce new renewable fuels. This program appears to have great potential towards achieving a sustainable future devoid of foreign oil dependence, until the economic implications of large-scale ethanol production are considered. With that said, it’s important for the United States Government to understand the relative inefficiency, environmental, and social cost of large-scale ethanol production in the US. Ethanol is a fuel grade form of alcohol that is produced from grain fermentation to create a clean, burnable oil alternative (Heinberg, 171). On a small scale, ethanol production appears to be a practical form of energy for farmers, but is limited by its lack of production facilities and unfavorable energy returned on energy invested. Ethanol has an extremely variable EROEI according to several net energy analyses. Cornell professor David Pimentel found a 29% net loss of energy after conducting two independent tests. Both studies found that, â€Å"the fuel cost more energy to produce than it eventually delivered to society.† (Heinberg, 173) While this study painted a negative picture for ethanol production, a USDA researcher recognized as much as a 77% energy profit; although, a ... ... farmers needs. Works Cited Evans, Michael K. The Economic Impact of the Demand for Ethanol. Chicago, IL: Diane Co., 1997. 2 Apr. 2007 . Hebert, Joseph H. "Study: Ethanol Won'T Solve Energy Problems." USA Today. 10 July 2006. 2 Apr. 2007 . Hirsch, Tim. "Brazilian Biofuels' Pulling Power." BBC. 8 Mar. 2007. 2 Apr. 2007 . Pica, Erich. "Power Politics: Linking Congress, Campaign Contributions and Energy Policy." Friends of the Earth 6 (2003): 1-2. 2 Apr. 2007. Segelken, Roger. "Ethanol." Health and Energy. 2 Apr. 2007 . Potential for Large Scale Ethanol Production Essay -- Renewable Fuel Potential for Large Scale Ethanol Production Recent legislation by the Congress of the United States has created a mandate for 5 billion gallons of renewable fuel (notably ethanol) to be consumed annually by 2015. In light of this recent push for alternative fuels, many different biomass solutions have been considered to meet the energy need for the 200 million cars on the road. While the most efficient bio-fuels are derived from palm oil and sugarcane, the Unites States has begun to focus on the more regional corn crops to produce new renewable fuels. This program appears to have great potential towards achieving a sustainable future devoid of foreign oil dependence, until the economic implications of large-scale ethanol production are considered. With that said, it’s important for the United States Government to understand the relative inefficiency, environmental, and social cost of large-scale ethanol production in the US. Ethanol is a fuel grade form of alcohol that is produced from grain fermentation to create a clean, burnable oil alternative (Heinberg, 171). On a small scale, ethanol production appears to be a practical form of energy for farmers, but is limited by its lack of production facilities and unfavorable energy returned on energy invested. Ethanol has an extremely variable EROEI according to several net energy analyses. Cornell professor David Pimentel found a 29% net loss of energy after conducting two independent tests. Both studies found that, â€Å"the fuel cost more energy to produce than it eventually delivered to society.† (Heinberg, 173) While this study painted a negative picture for ethanol production, a USDA researcher recognized as much as a 77% energy profit; although, a ... ... farmers needs. Works Cited Evans, Michael K. The Economic Impact of the Demand for Ethanol. Chicago, IL: Diane Co., 1997. 2 Apr. 2007 . Hebert, Joseph H. "Study: Ethanol Won'T Solve Energy Problems." USA Today. 10 July 2006. 2 Apr. 2007 . Hirsch, Tim. "Brazilian Biofuels' Pulling Power." BBC. 8 Mar. 2007. 2 Apr. 2007 . Pica, Erich. "Power Politics: Linking Congress, Campaign Contributions and Energy Policy." Friends of the Earth 6 (2003): 1-2. 2 Apr. 2007. Segelken, Roger. "Ethanol." Health and Energy. 2 Apr. 2007 .

The Supply And Demand Of UK Energy Environmental Sciences Essay

The energy beginnings can be split into three classs: dodo fuels, renewable beginnings, and atomic power. To develop a better understanding about each beginning it is indispensable to discourse all of them individually. 1.1.1. Fossil fuels. They are called â€Å" fossil fuels † because they have been formed from the organic remains of prehistoric workss and animate beings. Although there are many different types of dodo fuels, three are particularly of import: coal, crude oil ( oil ) , and natural gas. The theory behind fossil fuels is rather simple – combustion of coal, natural gas, and oil releases energy stored in the fuel as heat. The released energy is so used to bring forth electricity. Coal is presently the cheapest fuel in footings of production. Harmonizing to The Coal Authority, there are 15 active belowground coal mines and 36 active surface excavation sites in the UK, doing it a sum of 51. Together they produce 16.7 million tones of coal end product ( twelvemonth 2009/2010, The Coal Authority, see Appendix 1 ) . Equally good as being the cheapest option of fuel it is besides the most polluting. â€Å" Coal is an highly soiled beginning of power, and imposes immense costs on people ‘s wellness, the environment and the economic system, † said Keith Allott, caput of WWF-UK ‘s clime alteration programme ( www.sciencedaily.com ) . First, acquiring coal from its beginning ( the Earth ‘s crust ) is harmful and fouling to the landscape. Second, coal ‘s combustion releases a toxicant cocktail of gases into the environment. Carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and little airborne atoms of coal venture into the air and H2O supply ( www.associatedcontent.com ) . The UK is the largest manufacturer oil and natural gas in the EU. However, after old ages of being a net exporter of both fuels, the state became a net importer O natural gas in 2004. The Government estimations besides predict that the state will go a net importer of oil in the close hereafter. Production from the UK oil and natural gas Fieldss peaked in late 1990s and has declined steadily over the past several old ages due to an addition in demand for energy besides because find of new militias has non kept gait with the ripening of bing Fieldss ( www.doe.gov ) . Natural gas histories for over 40 % of electricity coevals in the UK while oil is to a great extent used by the industries and conveyance sector. At this minute, United Kingdom is extremely dependent on fossil fuels. Figure 1: Fuel used for UK electricity coevals on an end product footing in 2007 Beginning: Digest of UK Energy Statistics ( DUKES ) 1.1.2. Renewable Energy Sources. Renewable energy is the energy obtained from beginnings that are basically unlimited. Renewable beginnings of energy include air current, solar, biomass, hydro and geothermic energy ( www.business.qld.gov.au ) . Renewable energy became highly popular when the effects of fossil fuels to the environment and part to climate alteration became apparent. Their popularity is invariably lifting, particularly in states concerned about the environment. Wind energy is the most popular type of renewable energy in the UK. It is generated when the air current rotates a turbine ‘s blades which drive a generator to bring forth electricity. Harmonizing to BWEA, there are 260 operational air current farms ( 12 of which are offshore ) in the UK bring forthing a sum of 4,491.15 MW of electricity. There besides are 23 onshore and 3 offshore wind farms under building. Consented undertakings are to construct another 189 onshore air current farms and 9 offshore air current farms ( www.bwea.com ) . Solar energy is a photovoltaic consequence which happens when exposure cells convert sunlight straight into electricity. This beginning of energy is non as popular in the UK as air current energy. However, it is rather common to utilize the Sun for heating the H2O pipes. Painting the thin pipes black and seting them in a ‘greenhouse ‘ type dielectric can heat the H2O supply and hence cut down the cost of utilizing electricity to heat it. Photovoltaic cells can besides be used as roof tiles. They cover the roof of the edifice and take advantage of the Sun light coming from the Sun. This is trapped by the cell and turned into electricity ( www.bbc.co.uk ) . Biomass is biological stuff derived from life, or late populating beings. In the context of biomass for energy this is frequently used to intend works based stuff, but biomass can every bit use to both animate being and vegetable derived stuff. Five basic classs of the stuff are: virgin wood, energy corps, agricultural residues, nutrient waste and industrial waste and co-products ( www.biomassenergycentre.org.uk ) . Biomass can be used on a domestic or industrial scale.A For a biomass power works, the chipped, shredded and dried fuel is fed into a boiler or gasifier, from where the gas is collected and used to bring forth electricity and heat.A Biomass can besides be used at a more basic degree to bring forth heat for the place – this is done most expeditiously utilizing a wood combustion range which can besides be an attractive characteristic in any home.A It is possible with larger ranges to utilize a back boiler to supply all of the H2O warming and cardinal warming for a ho use.A Alternatively, a biomass boiler can be used for the same intent ( www.sundancerenewables.org.uk ) . There are many illustrations of energy crop/wood waste heating systems in Britain: In Ely, Cambridgeshire, a 31MW straw combustion works, the biggest and most effectual works in the universe, was commissioned late. A 350kW wood-burning boiler was installed at Weobley School in 1997.A Using locally adult wood, it heats the school itself every bit good as the secondary school on the bordering site. The National Botanic Garden of Wales and Singleton Park Botanic Gardens in Swansea are heated utilizing energy crops/wood waste. An increasing figure of farms are utilizing straw-fires boilers for on site warming demands in edifices and polytunnels. The Centre for Alternative Technology in Machynlleth, North Wales, are presently set abouting a undertaking to construct a Welsh Institute for Sustainable Education, which will include an advanced biomass combined heat and power micro turbine system linked to the territory warming system and grid. ( .sundancerenewables.org.uk ) Hydro energy or hydroelectric energy is generated by utilizing electricity generators to pull out energy from traveling H2O ( natural or manmade ) . Hydroelectric energy can be used in two ways: first manner is by constructing big reservoirs and dikes ( barriers build across a waterway ) to pin down H2O and command its flow ; 2nd manner is by leting H2O to run machinery as it flows from a high reservoir to a low one ( www.eon-uk.com ) . Some facts about hydroelectric power in the United kingdom: There are seven 50MW hydroelectric power strategies in the UK These workss need to be build near big lakes, reservoirs that are high above sea degree or where a batch of H2O can be dammed Hydro energy supplies 1.2 % of the UK ‘s electricity ( www.eon-uk.com ) Geothermal energy is the heat contained and produced by the warming of the Earth in two different ways. The more powerful geothermic energy comes from the nucleus of the Earth, where the temperature reaches 4000 grades Celsius. The 2nd beginning of geothermic energy is a consequence of the Sun rays crushing down on the land surface. A good and proved method to pull out geothermic energy from the Sun is through utilizing geothermic heat pumps. It is a really sufficient and environmentally friendly manner of heating the H2O ( www.clean-energy-ideas.com ) . 1.2. Energy Demand and Supply The appetency for energy is turning every twenty-four hours. UK, being the largest manufacturer of oil and natural gas in the EU, is still constrained to import fossil fuels in order to fulfill all energy demands. Harmonizing to a survey by the adviser Logica CMG, in merely eight old ages, demand for energy could surpass supply by 23 % at peak times ( information as of 2007, www.timesonline.co.uk ) . The loss to the economic system could be around ?108 billion each twelvemonth. The graduated table of the challenge is immense. By 2015, Britain ‘s bring forthing capacity could be cut by a 3rd as ageing coal and atomic power Stationss are closed. Britain is besides traveling from being self-sufficing in oil and gas as North Sea production started to worsen. In 2005, the UK became a net importer of gas. By 2020 imports could account for 80 % to 90 % of British gas demands ( www.business.timesonline.co.uk ) . Harmonizing to the White Paper, the UK faces two chief security of supply challenges: Increasing trust on imports of oil and gas in the universe where demand is lifting and energy is going more politicised Requirement of significant private sector investing over the coming two decennaries in gas substructure, power Stationss and electricity webs ( White Paper, www.berr.gov.uk ) Despite a batch of unfavorable judgment, UK which presently generates 20 % of electricity from atomic power Stationss will go on to utilize atomic power ( except the old atomic workss that are traveling to be closed down ) as the hazard of non run intoing the energy demand is even greater. 1.3. The Production and Import of Energy While the UK has benefited from autochthonal militias of oil and gas for many old ages, as the North Sea matures, the state will go progressively dependant on imported energy. By 2010, gas imports could be run intoing up to a 3rd or more of the UK ‘s entire one-year gas demand, potentially lifting to about 80 % by 2020 on the footing of bing policies. The UK is besides already a net importer of oil, and by 2020 imports could be run intoing up to around 75 % of the UK ‘s coal demand. Therefore UK has to do certain that the market for fossil fuels, supported by appropriate Government policies, continues to guarantee dependable supplies of these fuels at competitory monetary values to people and concerns. The starting point for turn toing these hazards must be to cut down state ‘s overall energy usage through greater energy efficiency. Beyond that the Government must besides back up the development and deployment of non dodo fuel energy within the UK to cut down the dependance on fossil fuels and to diversify the scope of energy beginnings available to the UK ( White Paper, www.berr.gov.uk ) Chapter 2: Hazards involved with Fossil Fuels There are a figure of hazards involved with fossil fuels. First of wholly, there is a fact that the fossil fuels are consuming in a rapid rate and are harder to recover. With demand for energy turning fast, there is a possibility that non merely the United Kingdom but the whole Universe might be confronting an energy crisis in the close hereafter. Energy monetary value volatility will ( and already has ) become inevitable. The 2nd job with fossil fuels is the injury they cause for the environment. The negative effects are already demoing as the clime is altering and the Earth is warming up. Another job lies in the development of the economic system. The state needs rough oil for bring forthing the electricity and for conveyance. When the monetary value of oil goes up, so make the monetary values of conveyance, family goods, and all basic merchandises. 2.1. Oil Price Volatility Oil monetary values have ne'er been stable since 19 1970ss. Due to some important historic, fiscal, and political events, the monetary value of petroleum oil has seen some crisp fluctuation over the old ages. The most eventful fact about it is that when the monetary value of oil goes up so make the monetary values of energy and even primary trade goods. With oil militias worsening in the North Sea, UK is forced to import oil from Figure 2: Crude Oil Prices, 1947-2009 Beginning: www.wtrg.com 2.2. Militias of Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels take 1000000s of old ages to organize. They form by a natural geological procedure from beings that died 100s of 1000000s of old ages ago. Today ‘s modern and industrialized society is hurting for energy, and most of the energy is still obtained from fossil fuels. It is hence obvious that if the ingestion continues at this or even higher rate, there is a hazard of fossil fuels being exhausted ( www.typesofenergy.co.uk ) . However, there is a dissension between scientists over the militias of fossil fuels. For illustration, Bjorn Lomborg in The Sceptical Environmentalist insists that â€Å" we are non headed for a major energy crisis † . Furthermore, he claims that â€Å" there is plentifulness of energy † ( MacKay, D. , 2009 ) . David Goodstein, a physicist, on the other manus, says that the energy crisis is coming shortly. In fact, every bit shortly as 2015 or 2025. He predicts that the crisis will get down when the energy supply will non be able to run into the demand ( MacKay, D. , 2009 ) . UK Government ‘s former main scientist, Sir David King agrees with D. Goodstein. In the article published by The Telegraph really late he claims that oil militias are ‘exaggerated by one tierce ‘ which means they are really much lower than we know. Besides a squad of scientists and research workers from Oxford University assert that official figures are overstated because OPEC states over-reported militias in the 1980s in order to derive a competitory advantage for a planetary market portion ( www.telegraph.co.uk ) . United Kingdom is non an exclusion. The production of coal has decreased significantly since around 1950s. Table 3: The Production of Coal, 1700-2025 ( predicted ) Beginning: www.claverton-energy.com Harmonizing to Dr Fred Starr of Claverton Energy Research Group, â€Å" UK coal militias are now given as someplace between 400-800 million of metric tons. Not the one million millions that everyone supposes. If the UK energy system was wholly dependent on coal, as it used to be, these stocks would last 2-4 old ages. † ( www.claverton-energy.com ) . Furthermore, UK ‘s oil militias in the North Sea are besides diminishing. Since the 1970s it has been a beginning of wealth for the British economic system. It besides meant that the state could cut its dependance on the Middle East oil. Despite the fact the country is one of the most ambitious for oil geographic expedition ( terrible air current blasts and 30 metres high moving ridges ) the North Sea has been a cardinal beginning of non-OPEC oil production over the last 20 old ages ( www.iags.org ) . While oil demand is said to increase in approaching old ages, North Sea end product peaked in 1999 and has been in diminution of all time since. However, oil manufacturers believe it is still possible to pull out 37bn barrels of oil from the North Sea. The job now is a worsening investing. With current investing merely some 11bn barrels could be extracted form the UK Continental shelf. Malcolm Webb, main executive of UK Oil & A ; Gas, said to The Telegraph in July 2009 that â€Å" last twelvemonth, we had the recognition crunch, following twelvemonth we are looking at an energy crunch † ( www.telegraph.co.uk ) . Talking about UK gas militias, the state of affairs is comparatively better compared to oil and coal. The militias are rather high with the potency for growing ( delight see Appendix 2 ) . Table 4: UK Gas Reserves, 1979-2008 Beginning: www.og.decc.gov.uk However, there is one unresolved issue refering gas – its storage. Colder than normal winter last twelvemonth caused record backdowns of natural gas from UK storage and resulted in increased demand replenishing storage installations in spring and summer. Therefore, UK marketable gas supplies so a lessening of 17 % on an one-year footing. Furthermore, diminution rate and colder conditions have contributed to a noticeable growing in UK LNG ( Liquefied Natural Gas ) imports and a diminution in natural gas supplies sent from the UK to Continental Europe. This form is expected to go on ( hypertext transfer protocol: //europe.theoildrum.com ) . 2.3. Environment and Climate Change Climate alteration is blamed on several human activities, but the biggest subscriber to climate alteration is the sum of nursery gases ( C dioxide emanations ) released into atmosphere. Most of these gases come from firing fossil fuels. How does climate alter impact the UK? In future, rainfall could significantly diminish in the summer ( peculiarly in the south E ) and significantly increase in the winter ( peculiarly in the north West ) . Heavier winter rainfall can to go more frequent, doing more flooding. The low-lying rise across the UK is projected to be between 20cm and 80cm by 2100. In the worst instance scenario, rises of up to 1.9 metres are possible. The summer heat moving ridge experienced in 2003 resulted in over 2,000 excess deceases in the UK. Such an event is likely to go normal by the 2040s or the 2050s. By the 2060s or 2070s, the intense temperatures of 2003 could go the mean temperature in summer. ( World Wide Web. actonco2.direct.gov.uk ) On history of the above mentioned facts it is perfectly clear that there is an pressing demand to happen other ways of fulfilling the turning energy demands of the United Kingdom. Even if it is non possible to retreat fossil fuels as a beginning of energy wholly there are other options of securing energy, e.g. Solar, air current or hydro power. Talking about nursery gases, The UK is already doing a important advancement. As the tabular array below shows, the strength of toxicant gas emanations is diminishing bit by bit since 1991. Table 5: United kingdom Greenhouse Gas Emissions Intensity, 1991-2007 Beginning: Office of National Statistics Chapter 3: Energy Debate Everybody agrees that there are a few jobs in the universe of energy today. Get downing with clime alteration and coating with possible long-run deficits and energy security. Something has to be done, but what? Not merely UK Government but the from many states in the World are now get downing to acquire serious about funding research into alternate energy beginnings, puting up power Stationss fuelled by renewable energy beginnings and promoting the development of vehicles that run on alternate fuels. However, there are still some unfastened inquiries that are non answered or there is some dissension traveling on about them. 3.1. UK Government ‘s Position UK Government is taking things really earnestly. The state has really about doubled the mark of 12.5 % decrease of nursery gas emanations agreed in Kyoto Protocol[ 1 ]( www.decc.gov.uk ) . This Protocol was followed by Copenhagen Summit[ 2 ]in December 2009. Although it was n't every bit successful as Kyoto Protocol, UK engagement was a gesture of attention and concernment. UK Government has made few other stairss towards sustainability. One of so is the White Paper. First introduced in February 2003 ( â€Å" Energy White Paper: Our energy future – making a low C economic system † ) and subsequently rewritten in 2007 ( â€Å" Meeting the Energy Challenge, A White Paper on Energy † , May 2007, BERR ) . The purpose of this paper is to be after a scheme on how to salvage energy, develop cleaner energy supplies, and secure dependable energy supplies at monetary values set in competitory markets ( A White Paper on Energy, www.berr.gov.uk ) . The cardinal elements of the scheme are: Establish an international model to undertake clime alteration. The thought buttocks is to brace the concentration of nursery gasses in the ambiance. Besides to beef up EU Emissions Trading Scheme ( EU ETS ) in order to present a market monetary value for C and to be the footing for the planetary C market. This should guarantee the decrease of C emanations in the most cost-efficient manner. Provide lawfully adhering C marks for the whole UK economic system, increasingly cut downing emanations. The purpose is to cut down C dioxide emanations released into atmosphere by at least 60 % by 2050, and by 26 % -32 % by 2020 against a 1990 baseline. This has to be achieved through both domestic and international action. The Government besides has to put five-year C budgets, and topographic point adhering bounds on compound nursery gasses emanations. Make farther advancement in accomplishing to the full competitory and crystalline international markets. Effective markets will guarantee that the universe ‘s natural resources are used in the most efficient manner. Further liberalization of EU energy markets is an of import portion of this. Promote more energy salvaging through better information, inducements and ordinance. The Government is traveling to work on taking barriers that would impact cost-efficient energy efficiency steps to lift. Supply more support for low C engineerings. As private sector entirely might non be able to put sufficiently in research, development, presentation and deployment of new low C engineerings, the Government demands to convey forward a planetary investing. Ensure the right conditions for investing. The Government has to present a clear and stable regulative government, including for valuing C, to cut down uncertainness for concern and aid to guarantee sufficient, timely investing. It besides needs to better the planning system and to supply better information and analysis of long-run energy market tendencies to inform energy buying and investing determinations. ( A White Paper on Energy, www.berr.gov.uk ) The last point summarises Government ‘s function in encouraging concerns and industries to put in renewable energy best. It is a fact that without aid, information, inducements, and fiscal support little to medium sized concerns ( perchance even big concerns ) would likely non be able to put the necessitated sum of attempt and money needed to go more sustainable in footings of energy. 3.2. Nuclear Power? Harmonizing to Nuclear Industry Association, there are 23 atomic power reactors in the UK, bring forthing electricity at nine sites. The electricity supplied by atomic power Stationss histories for over one fifth of UK ‘s electricity. The industry contributes about ?3.3 billion to UK Gross Domestic Product. It exports over ?650 million goods and services each twelvemonth. The atomic industry is an of import portion of the UK ‘s scientific discipline and engineering base. A major positive thing about atomic power is that it does non lend to climate alteration as it does n't bring forth C dioxide emanations. But what about atomic waste? Nuclear waste is excessively unsafe to be exposed and can non be destroyed nor recycled. It has to be stored in particular containers and placed in secure sites. In the UK, around 120,000,000 M3 of atomic waste is generated per twelvemonth ( www.world-nuclear.org ) . Compared to fossil fuels, it is really small. But excluding in head that this waste has to be stored and corsets active for 1000s of old ages, it all of a sudden looks like a immense sum. Other concern is the safety of atomic power Stationss. Even though UK ‘s power Stationss are rated as of first-class security degree, the universe has seen some major catastrophes. For illustration, when on April 26, 1986 the No. 4 reactor at the Chernobyl power works exploded in former U.S.S.R. doing the worst atomic accident of all time. The World Health Organisation found that the radioactive dust from the detonation was improbably far-reaching. For a clip, radiation degrees in Scotland, over 1400 stat mis off, were 10,000 times the norm. The effects are felt to this twenty-four hours ; there is an increased figure of people enduring from malignant neoplastic disease in environing countries and a mutant of workss ( www.wagingpeace.org ) . A batch of scientists are doubting towards atomic power. The chief constituent of production of atomic power is uranium, which is a radioactive metallic component, of course happening in most stones, dirt, and even ocean. Therefore it is a fossil fuel. Physicist David Goodstein, after warning about forthcoming oil crisis says that if all energy demands were to be switched to atomic power, the oil crisis would merely be replaced by a atomic crisis in around 20 old ages clip, as uranium militias besides became low ( McKay, JC, 2009 ) . However, in November 2009, the Government has approved 10 sites in England and Wales for new atomic power Stationss. Most of them will be located where there are already workss ( www.bbc.co.uk ) . The Government is certain that without energy generated by atomic power workss it will non be able to vouch adequate supply for turning demand every bit good as will non be able to run into its ain marks of cutting down the C dioxide emissions how it is stated in A White Paper. But environmental candidates say it is an expensive and soiled option and the authorities could be unfastened to legal challenges. 3.3. Clean Coal? With coal being the most polluting type of fuel, it is hard to take in such thing as ‘clean coal ‘ . However, the new engineerings are being developed to turn out that combustion of coal can really be clean. Clean coal engineering is referred to carbon gaining control and storage ( segregation ) engineering ( CCS ) . This engineering is said to cut down emanations of C dioxide and other nursery gasses that are released while firing the coal. The engineering works by pumping and hive awaying emanations underground while incorporate gasification combined rhythm gasifies coal to cut down CO2 emanations. Possibly the most popular illustration of a coal-based works utilizing C gaining control engineering is Vattenfall ‘s Schwarze Pumpe works in Germany. However, it has non yet been demonstrated that C stored resistance will be able to remain at that place indefinitely ( www.wikipedia.org ) . In April 2009 UK Government gas given the go-ahead to new coal-burning power workss equipped with such new engineerings. But on status that it can turn out it can cut down nursery emanations ( www.bbc.co.uk ) . Even environmental candidates welcomed the move but said any new Stationss would still let go of more C than they stored. On the other manus, Energy Secretary Ed Miliband says these new engineerings altering the manner of bring forthing the power from coal would let the UK â€Å" to take the universe † in the engineering – and maintain coal within the UK ‘s energy mix without abandoning clime alteration committednesss. He added that successful CCS development could cut C emanations from coal by 90 % and that â€Å" there is no alternate to CCS if we are serious about contending clime alteration and retaining a diverse mix of energy beginnings for our economic system. † ( www.bbc.co.uk ) . However, some concerns were raised that one million millions of lbs of taxpayers ‘ money was being spent on engineering that remains unprovenaˆÂ ¦ The inquiry stays unfastened in the average clip. Is it truly deserving puting one million millions of lbs ( allow entirely they are revenue enhancement remunerators money ) in a engineering that has non been proven yet? Should n't the Government be more interested in puting in energy beginnings that are 100 % emanations free? This inquiry is yet to be answered in the close hereafter. 3.4. The Position of Society UK is the state that is truly interested in its part to cut downing C footmark and to procure energy supplies in the hereafter. So are a batch of the persons populating in the UK ; they get involved in environmental runs, recycle their waste, want the Government to move faster on exchanging to renewable energy, and show their concerns over clime alteration. However, sometimes enthusiasm is taken over by wholly opposite feelings. Let ‘s take air current farms as an illustration. They are so a 100 % environmentally friendly beginning of energy. Equally good as that, windmills are immense buildings that stand tall and broad to capture more air current and are really noticeable. When the first air current farm was build in Delabole in Cornwall, an independent ‘before and after ‘ survey indicated that 80 % of the local people asked said it made no difference to their day-to-day life, 44 % approved and 40 % approved strongly. In the ‘before ‘ survey, 40 % of local people interviewed thought it was traveling to be visually intrusive, but this fell to 29 % after it was set up and running. Many expected there would be some noise jobs beforehand but after it was running 80 % of people felt the noise was n't a job ( NATTA ) . Even though the ‘after ‘ survey showed improved Numberss, there were still people ( 29 % ) that felt the position of the landscape was someway destroyed by windmills. And some of the people ( 20 % ) found the noise was an issue. Furthermore, there are web sites like www.bhats.co.uk which agitate for ‘saving the small towns from industrial turbines ‘ and conservationists like James Lovelock, who says that â€Å" air current farms will lay waste to the countryside pointlessly † ( www.bhats.co.uk ) . At the same clip, UK is a perfect topographic point for air current farms. Scotland entirely gets more air current than all of the Europe. The state could profit by constructing more air current farms but it will non be able to make so if local occupants will be against. Chapter 4: Future Outlook of Energy in the UK The hereafter of energy in the UK is controversial. Critics say the state will be confronting an energy spread in the close hereafter while others insist that everything is and will be all right. But with demand for energy turning quickly and with marks set by the Government are to be met, there is a inquiry arising: how and what beginnings of energy will rule in the hereafter? 4.1. Prospects for Fossil Fuels â€Å" Fossil fuels will stay the dominant energy beginning – there is no alternate † John Loughhead, Executive Director of UK Energy Research Centre Harmonizing to the panel of 150 experts, despite enlargement of renewable energy and the demand of atomic power, fossil fuels will stay the pillar of energy supply in the UK up to the twelvemonth 2050. The panel draw a decision: Generating capacity deficit of 7-16GW by 2015 Equivalent to about 20 % of current capacity Without demand to keep emanations, spread could be bridged easy Fossil fuels will stay the dominant engineering Nuclear is proven and dependable, but edifice takes at least a decennary – determination needed shortly Renewables could provide 40 % of coevals by 2050 ( www.bbc.co.uk ) This decision is non really optimistic nor is acceptable to conservationists. Even the White Paper states that fossil fuels like oil and coal will go on to play a cardinal function in the energy system hereafter. The Government hence plans to maximize the economic recovery of the staying militias of oil and gas by hiking investing in the North Sea. It besides plans to set up new substructure to the West of Shetland to enable extra gas and oil to be exploited. However, fossil fuels are merely one side of the decoration. There is besides a theory for the hereafter of renewable energy. 4.2. Prospects for Renewable Energy Renewable energy is playing a cardinal function in cut downing C emanations and accomplishing security of supply in the hereafter. Furthermore, the mark set by the Government is to accomplish 20 % of electricity coevals from renewable energy by twelvemonth 2020. It is non traveling to go on without Governments ‘ intercession or investing. It really all depends on how much attempt is traveling to be put in doing it go on. In 2002, the Government introduced a mechanism called Renewables Obligation[ 3 ]( RO ) . RO has been successful in stimulating investing in renewable energy undertakings. It does this by puting an Duty on accredited electricity providers to beginning an increasing proportion of their electricity gross revenues from renewable beginnings or to pay a punishment ( the buy-out monetary value ) . The RO ‘s purpose is to supply a model of fiscal inducements to put in renewables with the long-run end of back uping the passage of renewables into the mainstream of the UK ‘s competitory electricity market. The degree of the Obligation is presently set to increase in one-year stairss from 7.9 % in 2007/08 to 15.4 % by 2015, and to stay at that degree until 2027 when the mechanism will stop ( White Paper, www.berr.go.uk ) . However, harmonizing to greenpeace.org.uk, the marks of RO so far have been missed. Energy consultancy Oxera estimated that the RO in its current signifier will present merely 8.1 % of supply from renewables by 2010, 11.4 % by 2015 and 11.5 % by 2020 ( as of 2007, www.greenpeace.org.uk ) . Is the Government making plenty to back up the growing of renewable energy beginnings? The reply to that is likely no. Everyone agrees that it is a cardinal beginning of energy in the hereafter yet still more is being invested in oil development of gas and oil from the North Sea or C gaining control and storage ( which has n't even been proven to be effectual yet ) . Therefore the chances for renewable energy in the UK are a small fuzz. It does necessitate some immense investings, but is n't energy future and security priceless? 4.3. Possible Solutions There are rather a few solutions how the Government, concerns and persons could lend to pull offing the energy supply before the deficit appears. Possibly every individual 1 has already been discussed in the past by different panels but still deserving looking into. Possible solution 1: velocity bounds on the roads could be lowered. Cars and other vehicles are known as being the worst defilers. Reducing the velocity bound non merely would better the safety issue on the roads, it would besides intend that less toxicant gasses are being released into atmosphere. Possible solution 2: people should take to drive more energy efficient autos. There is a difference between a Smart auto with an engine of 0.7 litre and a Porsche 911 with an engine of 3.0 litres. If people chose to drive small-engine autos it would be good to the environment and the roads but it would besides intend smaller gasoline measures for the driver. Possible solution 3: addition in route revenue enhancements for autos with engines larger than 1.4 litres. Sometimes the lone manner to promote people to make something is via statute law. Possible solution 4: introduce an inducements strategy for purchasing a fuel efficient auto. Possible solution 5: Promote the use of public conveyance more. Buss are frequently running empty while the roads are full of autos. If more people used public conveyance, there would n't be as many autos on the roads. Possible solution 6: physique more energy efficient places and fit the old 1s with new energy efficient merchandises, e.g. Windowss. Last winter being colder than normally has caused some serious issues refering gas militias in the UK. It would non be such a large job if more houses in the UK were less dependent on states militias. Possible solution 7: promote electrical vehicles. Not merely should the Government advance electrical vehicles but besides introduce some inducements for people purchasing them. These vehicles are five times more efficient compared to petrol powered 1s and bring forth 0 % of C emanations. Possible solution 8: invest more in renewable energy beginnings. It has to get down some twenty-four hours and there is non clip to detain it. Not merely to better the quality of air but besides to go more independent. It applies to all: the Government, concerns, and persons. The list of possible solutions could travel on. But even if three of the above mentioned would be taken and looked at earnestly and followed by matching actions, the state of affairs would better slightly. 4.4. Why Should Businesses Invest in Renewable Energy? Before sing the benefits involved with concern exchanging to renewable energy it would possibly be interesting to happen out where should one start when believing about such move. First of all, in order to take the most appropriate engineerings, the concern should place and see such factors as its current energy use, overall ingestion, and fluctuations in demand. It should besides place the countries where it would be possible to cut down energy use. It is of import to place what energy mix would suite the concern best are some engineerings that can merely bring forth either electricity or heat, while others can bring forth both ( www.businesslink.gov.uk ) . The benefits are important. The chief 1s would include: The decrease of part to climate alteration Improved environmental certificates strengthen the trade name. More and more clients, stakeholders and investors are demoing an involvement in covering with concerns that are environmentally responsible Exemption from paying the responsibility under the clime alteration levy[ 4 ] Constructing relationships with concerns that have similar values Stabilise energy costs. Renewable energy monetary values will remain stable whereas monetary values of fossil fuels are fluctuating Future proofing. Renewable energy usage will go more widespread with clip. With statute law already puting marks for its usage upon certain new developments, exchanging sooner instead than subsequently would give the concern early experience of renewable energy It is indispensable to advert, that there is a fiscal aid available for concerns which invest in renewable energy. A scope of grants, loans and even awards introduced by the Government are available to assist concerns, e.g. Applied Research Grant, Woodland Regeneration Grant, Business Commitment to the Environment ( BCE ) Environmental Leadership Award – SME Award, Green Business of the Year Award, Carbon Trust Interest-Free Loans, Energy Efficiency Loans, and many others ( www.businesslink.gov.uk ) . The above stated list of benefits is rather extended. However, two of them truly stand out. First one is that the money that company is traveling to be salvaging on energy measures in the hereafter. That is because every concern, foremost of all, is about doing a net income. Second one is non being dependent on dodo fuels which monetary values are fluctuating invariably and, moreover, fossil fuels are a major cause of clime alteration.

How Did 9/11 Bring People Together

How did the 9/11 bring people together? Or Did the 9/11 bring people together? The 9/11 was a very significant event and brought many people together in many different ways. In circumstances of extreme stress we hear moving accounts of people going out of their way to help each other. Studies show that acute stress can lead to greater cooperative, social and friendly behaviour, even in men. This more positive reaction can help the human connections that occurred during the time of crisis associated with the 9/11.Social connections are particularly important under stress because stress naturally leads so a sense of vulnerability and loss of control, this is an example of why the people of not only America, but the world came together through this tormenting time to support one another. The September 11 attacks were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks launched upon the United States in New York and Washington D. C area by an Islamic terrorist group, al-Qaeda. On the morning of September 11, 2001, al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four passenger jets.American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175 crashed into the North and South towers of the World Trade Centre as suicide attacks. Both towers collapsed and debris led to the partial collapse of all other buildings in the New York World Trade Centre. The third plane, American Airlines Flight 77, was crashed into the Pentagon, which was the headquarters of the United States Department of Defence. The fourth plane, United Airlines Flight 93, was targeted at the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. , but crashed into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania after its passengers fought back against the al-Qaeda terrorists. Almost 3000 people died in the 9/11 attacks. An example of the 9/11 bringing people together is the cooperation of different religious groups. Churches that typically held services only on Sundays opened their doors on the Tuesday of the attacks and held them open for some followi ng days and for a short time attendance in churches and other houses of worship skyrocketed.Members of religious groups met together and tried to understand each other’s beliefs to help one another. A decade later, a group of religious leaders representing the Christian, Islamic and Jewish faiths met to plan a special interfaith service for the 10th anniversary of the 9/11. The service included prayers, music, Scripture and short messages from participants. The organisers went to great lengths to celebrate religious diversity and to make sure readings and prayers are as universal as possible.Deidre Gordon, a member of the Islamic centre reinforced the idea of the 9/11 bringing people together. â€Å"It’s a chance to recognize beneath all this diversity, we have a lot we share. † We hear often hear moving stories of strangers coming together to help save each other from the burning buildings, one of which I came across was this; â€Å"Today, after a 72 hour shif t at the fire station, a woman ran up to me at the grocery store and gave me a hug. When I tensed up, she realized I didn’t recognise her.She let go with tears of joy in her eyes and said, â€Å"On 9-11-2001, you carried me out of the World Trade Centre. † As you can see the 9/11 did bring people together, 12 years ago, President George W. Bush proclaimed, â€Å"America is united. † The production of American flags surged and the flags soared, and America really was united. America mourned together, raged together and resolved together. They reached out to others in a way most didn’t do previously.